cvis: PROCEDURE (i) RETURNS (CHAR (*)); DCL i FIXED; RETURN (frontstrip(CHAR (i))); END cvis; strip: PROCEDURE (t) RETURNS (CHAR (*)); DCL i FIXED, t CHAR (*); DO i = Length (t) TO 1 BY -1; IF substr (t,i,1) ^= ' ' THEN RETURN (substr (t,1,i)); END; RETURN (''); END strip; frontstrip: PROCEDURE (t) RETURNS (CHAR (*)); DCL i FIXED, t CHAR (*); DO i = 1 TO Length (t); IF substr (t,i,1) ^= ' ' THEN RETURN (substr (t,i)); END; RETURN (''); END frontstrip; upcase: PROCEDURE (text) RETURNS (CHAR (*)); DCL text CHAR (*); RETURN (translate (text, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')); END upcase;